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Publication Date
18 September 2018

Cross-Spectral Analysis of the SST/10-m Wind Speed Coupling Resolved by Satellite Products and Climate Model Simulations

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This study aims to determine the spatial-temporal scales where the SST forcing of the near-surface winds takes places and its relationship with the action of coherent ocean eddies. Here, cross-spectral statistics are used to examine the relationship between satellite-based SST and 10-m wind speed (w) fields at scales between 10² –10⁴ km and 10¹ –10³ days. It is shown that the transition from negative SST/w correlations at large-scales to positive at oceanic mesoscales occurs at wavelengths coinciding with the atmospheric first baroclinic Rossby radius of deformation; and that the dispersion of positively-correlated signals resembles tropical instability waves near the equator, and Rossby waves in the extratropics. Transfer functions are used to estimate the SST-driven w response in physical space (wc), a signal that explains 5–40% of the mesoscale w variance in the equatorial cold tongues, and 2–15% at extratropical SST fronts. The signature of ocean eddies is clearly visible in wc, accounting for 20–60% of its variability in eddy-rich regions. To provide further insight on the role of ocean eddies in the SST-driven coupling, the analysis is repeated for two climate model (CCSM) simulations using ocean grid resolutions of 1° (eddy-parameterized, LR) and 0.1° (eddy-resolving, HR). The lack of resolved eddies in LR leads to a significantly underestimated mesoscale w variance relative to HR. Conversely, the wc variability in HR can exceed the satellite estimates by a factor of two at extratropical SST fronts and underestimate it by a factor of almost six near the equator, reflecting shortcomings of the CCSM to be addressed in its future developments.

“Cross-Spectral Analysis Of The Sst/10-M Wind Speed Coupling Resolved By Satellite Products And Climate Model Simulations”. 2018. Climate Dynamics 52: 5071-5098. doi:10.1007/s00382-018-4434-6.
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