Understanding Climate–Fire–Ecosystem Interactions Using a New Fire Model
Climate–fire–ecosystem interactions are complex and have not been well represented in previous Earth system models, limiting the ability of these models to quantify the role of fire in the Earth system. A new global fire model with improved fire feedback mechanisms, the REgion-Specific ecosystem feedback Fire model (RESFire), has been developed and implemented in the Community Earth System Model (CESM) through a collaborative research effort conducted by the Georgia Institute of Technology with the U.S. Department of Energy’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and a team of researchers from multiple institutions. The team used this new model to investigate how climate and fire affect each other and what the implications of these interactions are for future climate projections.
Implementing the fully coupled CESM–RESFire model represents the latest progress in simulating fire-related climatic processes in an Earth system model. This practice improves global fire modeling capabilities with a more comprehensive understanding of climate–fire–ecosystem interactions; this will, in turn, increase the accuracy of future projections of fire activity and fire’s effects on earth system changes, guiding fire risk management and hazard mitigation.
Fire is a natural phenomenon with a long history of interactions with the natural environment and human society. Large wildfires result in significant disturbances to regional and global climate systems and ecosystems by perturbing energy budgets as well as carbon and water balances between the atmosphere and land surface. On the other hand, short- and long-term changes in fire weather, terrestrial ecosystems, and human activity modulate fire severity and reshape fire regimes. These complex climate–fire–ecosystem interactions were not fully integrated into previous earth system model studies; therefore, the resulting effects on the projections of future earth system changes are not well understood. In this study, researchers used the fully interactive RESFire model that was newly developed in CESM to investigate these interactions and their impacts on the earth system and fire activity. The modeling results show increased global burned area (+19%) and fire carbon emissions (+100%) from the 2000s to the 2050s driven by changed fire weather. The results also indicated that intensified fire activity manifested non-negligible feedbacks to the earth system through multiple compensating pathways, such as radiative effects from fire smoke and fire-induced land cover changes.